Tobacco Control Policies- Free-Samples for Students- Myassignment

Question: Compose a report on Tobacco Control Policies: Strategies, Successes, Setbacks. Answer: Presentation Tobacco and its broad use among the individuals is one of the significant reasons for the sudden passing all around the globe. Tremendous quantities of lives are guaranteed by the broad utilization of tobacco. This issue has been predominant since years, but have not been totally annihilated. Utilization of tobacco is destructive for the human body and causes lethal ailments, for example, malignant growth (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Indeed, even with different tobacco control projects and activities all around the globe, individuals have not been cognizant enough to kill the utilization of tobacco totally. A large number of individuals have lost their lives in the broad utilization of tobacco. Overall tobacco anticipation exercises and battles have been occurring effectively. Cognizance in all levels be it school, universities or working environment have been growing up to guarantee that general wellbeing be kept up and individuals avoid the broad utilization of tobacco (Bosdriesz et al . 2015). The administration, alongside the private associations have started mindfulness crusades, to spread the malevolent impacts of tobacco on the soundness of people. The tobacco control approaches have been effective somewhat. However there are sure misfortunes also, that forestalls annihilation of the utilization of tobacco. Venture targets The targets of the venture are: To investigate the weight of the utilization of tobacco To feature the tobacco control methodologies To investigate the tobacco control achievement To distinguish the misfortune of the tobacco control approaches To suggest upgrade of the tobacco control and counteraction approaches Venture scope The extent of this venture is wide spread. It incorporates individuals all around the globe. This is on the grounds that, the utilization and utilization of tobacco is a significant worldwide issue and is a significant concern around the world (Chelwa et al. 2015). Individuals everywhere throughout the world have been getting the message out of anticipation against the utilization of tobacco. At first, the issue of utilization of tobacco was pointed towards the created nations, where the individuals had high moderateness. Be that as it may, with time, the tobacco items turned out to be effectively accessible, along these lines being devoured by individuals of the creating nations also (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). In this manner, the extent of the task is wide and the issue featured is a worldwide one. The cognizance among the individuals in regards to the unfriendly impacts of tobacco has been ascending with time. Individuals are getting mindful of the negative wellbeing impacts of tobacco utilization (Schotte et al. 2017). With the wide spread of the mindfulness programs, individuals who are dependent on smoking and tobacco utilization are getting increasingly mindful of the antagonistic wellbeing impacts that they cause to their loved ones because of uninvolved smoking (Chelwa et al. 2015). Recycled smoking is similarly hurtful for the individuals. In this way individuals have been attempting to avoid the utilization of tobacco (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Nonetheless, since the issue has been pervasive for quite a while, alongside is wide spread, henceforth complete annihilation probably won't be conceivable sooner rather than later. Writing audit Tobacco and its utilization is one of the significant reasons for different infections among the young people all around the globe. The broad utilization of Tobacco is the absolute most preventable reason for different handicaps just as passings in UK, US and well as in Australia (Chelwa et al. 2015). The greater part million individuals lose their lives because of unexpected passing with the wide utilization of tobacco (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Indeed, even with wide spread mindfulness programs everywhere throughout the world, the absence of cognizance and delayed utilization of tobacco has guaranteed a great many youthful lives all around the globe (Moreland et al. 2016). Once, a significant issue in the created nations, the issue of the utilization of tobacco has hit the creating nations too (Nargis et al. 2015). The low cost of the results of tobacco, the nations with low moderateness has additionally had the option to manage the cost of tobacco items (Schotte et al. 2017). Subseq uently, the difficult that was constrained to just the created nations, have additionally influenced the creating nations (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). A huge number of dollars are being put resources into the advancement of against tobacco crusades, yet the awareness isn't being spread (Chelwa et al. 2015). Smoking cigarettes isn't just the most generally utilized type of tobacco, yet in addition the most destructive one. The wide spread utilization of cigarettes influences the smoker, yet additionally effectsly affects the detached smokers (Owili et al. 2017). Weight of the tobacco use The utilization of tobacco is one of the most wide spread unfriendly propensity, that is received by a great many individuals all around the globe. The general wellbeing is influenced alongside causing destructive sicknesses, for example, malignant growth (Brathwaite et al. 2015). A report featured the way that the greater part of the smokers all around the globe began the propensity for smoking at 18 years old years. Along these lines, the fundamental objective gathering who fall into the prey of lethal tobacco is the youthful grown-ups, who proceed with the propensity for smoking, in the later long stretches of their lives (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). In this way, so as to check down the propensity for smoking, the young people must be kept from getting into the propensity itself. Tobacco control systems One of the best tobacco control systems is the tobacco control mindfulness programs. In the year 2007, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) discharged a report called Ending the Tobacco Problem, featured two primary techniques for wiping out the utilization of tobacco (Schotte et al. 2017). The first is fortifying the executing the customary tobacco control measures (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). The second startgey is to change the administrative approaches, to join strategy developments. The objectives of the tobacco control program incorporate the accompanying: Avoidance of the young people from getting into the propensity for smoking or utilization of tobacco in some other structure (Brathwaite et al. 2015) Advancement of the stopping development of utilization of tobacco among the young people just as the grown-ups Disposal of the introduction to uninvolved smoking (Owili et al. 2017) Distinguishing proof of abberations identified with tobacco, and its disposal Helping the smokers to stop the propensity for tobacco utilization (Schotte et al. 2017) Spreading the light of mindfulness among more individuals It is significant that tobacco counteraction programs be led in the schools just as universities, to such an extent that cognizance among the adolescents could be consolidated. The avoidance of the utilization of tobacco is to be started in the underlying long stretches of adulthood, with the end goal that they are kept from going into the utilization of tobacco (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). In addition, alongside the activity of the administration, the schools and universities additionally has a significant task to carry out, to make awareness among the adolescents and youthful grown-ups. Another technique that could be received by the administration is to force high expense on the items containing tobacco (Moreland et al. 2016). This will bring about increment in the cost of the items, in this manner avoiding the greater part of the adolescents from expending tobacco. The media has likewise been adequately dynamic in forestalling the broad utilization of tobacco (Schotte et al. 2017). Tobacco control achievement The tobacco control approaches have made significant progress with time. As indicated by a report, the pace of utilization of tobacco has diminished altogether from the 1990s to 2003 (Henderson et al. 2016). This decrease in the pace of tobacco utilization could be considered as the achievement of the tobacco control approaches (Schotte et al. 2017). In the year 2012, just 6.7% of the understudies of center school were recorder to utilize tobacco once in 30 days (Wipfli et al. 2016). In this way, the noteworthy dunk in the utilization of tobacco is viewed as the achievement of the tobacco control approaches (Ribisl et al. 2016). The improvement of the general wellbeing and the mindfulness that has been spread everywhere throughout the world is the achievement of the tobacco control arrangements (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Making smoke free condition The smoke free laws guarantee that the open spots and working environments are kept smoke free. This is useful in forestalling aloof smoking. This likewise urges individuals to stop the broad utilization of tobacco in the open spots (Brathwaite et al. 2015). Alongside decreasing the wellbeing sway, this approach helps in lessening the ecological contamination too. Confined access of the adolescents to the retail location Another activity that has been effective in the tobacco control strategy is the limited access of the young people to the point of deals (Schotte et al. 2017). Shops selling tobacco items are forestalled to be set up at places close to schools and universities (Schotte et al. 2017). In addition, the young people likewise have limited access to the point of deals of tobacco, with the end goal that they could be kept from the broad utilization of tobacco (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Tobacco control mishaps Be that as it may, dynamic activities are being taken everywhere throughout the world and the tobacco anticipation crusades are being directed, yet there are sure mishaps in the tobacco control approaches (Moreland et al. 2016). The difficulties incorporate the absence of complete destruction of the utilization of tobacco and counteraction of the fatal illnesses brought about by them (Nargis et al. 2015). Besides, considerably after different battles and mindfulness programs, the individuals can't stop the propensity for smoking or utilization of tobacco in some other structure (Ribisl et al. 2016). In spite of the fact that the passing rates because of the utilization of tobacco, has diminished, in any case, it isn't totally alleviated. Figure 1: Selected tobacco control strategies, 2010 (Source: Tobacco Free Initiative, 2017 ) Tobacco control activities in Australia The activity of Tobacco control in Australia could be followed back at 1997, when the National Tobacco Campaign was propelled. This was the main activity taken against the e

Becoming A Man essays

Turning into A Man papers A Day No Pigs Would Die is a story that Robert Peck wrote to show the peruser his pre-adult life, destiny, and the excursion from childhood to masculinity. Peck drives the peruser through the multifaceted snare of his childhood, nearly as if he were a sewing needle. The writer makes a point not to miss a solitary stomach siphoning subtlety, leaving the peruser, well, not exactly needing more. As a youthful Shaker kid, Robert lived with his mom Lucy, father Haven, and his auntie carrie. The epic starts with a clear scene where he carries a calf into the world up on the edge over their ranch. The mother appeared to have been posessed by some power of the black market, causing her, her calf, and Rob a lot of torment. Robert learns at an early age the estimation of a basic life, difficult work, and an exacting good code. While different young men his age invest their energy playing, Robert assists his with fathering on the ranch and does his own every day tasks, while bringing a pig up in order to supplement the family pay. The job destiny plays in this story is Robert's future, and how he will get by. He is bound to turn into a rancher simply like his dad, on a similar land he experienced childhood with. He realizes that when his dad kicks the bucket, he will end up being the man of the house, and he will be responsible for his mom and his auntie. Robert might want particularly to get renowned, however he is resticted in that it is against his religion. Robert grows up feeling this steady feeling of destiny, with his entire life arranged out before his eyes just creation him feel significantly more the inclination to break free and live free. Robert's dad turns out to be sick with a lung illness, and does everything he can to enable his child to be prepared to be the leader of their family unit. Sanctuary builds up a hack, and inevitably needs to begin dozing out in the horse shelter with the creatures since it is hotter there, and he is stressed over his better half turning out to be sick aswell. Following a couple of long periods of readiness and thorough educating, Haven doesn't get up one morning o... <!

How to Write a Quote in an Essay

How to Write a Quote in an EssayHow to write a quote in an essay? Writing a quote is just as important as writing an essay. If you want to get your reader's attention, or simply put in a little extra flavor, you'll want to know how to use quotes effectively in your writing.You can't make an opinion or claim unless you have been given the opportunity to make it by someone, such as a book or a movie, or even the truth from an original source. For example, the quote 'Plantlife has the most alkaline levels of any living thing,' is a fact with some supporting evidence.On the other hand, there is also a great thing about living things that are not necessarily well-known. The quote, 'A rose by any other name may smell as sweet,' applies not only to this particular plant but to all other plants as well. We all know that certain things are in fact really tasty, and a rose is no exception.The question of how to write a quote in an essay is one that people often think about when they learn how to use quotes effectively. The answer to this question is really pretty simple. The quote 'A tree by any other name would smell as sweet' is a very good example of this approach. 'Pine trees have spruce leaves,' and the next thing you know you've got yourself a quote.Just like when learning how to write a statement, there is some basic material that you need to understand before you can begin to write a quote in an essay. Even if you've never studied rhetoric or literature, you can still learn the basics about how to use quotations in your own work.First, you'll need to understand the quotation marks. In the beginning, you will write your quotes without the quotation marks, as they are easy to learn how to read. However, in order to properly research a quote, you will use the quotation marks.After you've learned the basics of how to write a quote in an essay, you'll want to practice. You need to write more than one or two quotes to fully master the craft. You'll find that you can us e these quotes in any number of ways, as long as you properly research the quotes you're using.As you move on in your career as a writer, you'll probably discover that quotes are an important tool for helping you write a personal essay. If you haven't discovered how to use quotes to your advantage, take some time to find out about the basics of using quotes in your own work. Then, with time and practice, you will be able to add quotes to your own writing with the confidence that comes from knowing that you know how to use them.

Harriet Jacobs And Jane Eyre Comparison - 1751 Words

Womanhood and Solidarity Jane Eyre and Incidents in the life of a slave girl are two opposite literary texts which, despite being 19th century texts, belong to different historical periods. Brontà « sets her character in the Victorian England. Jacobs, on the other hand, writes about slavery during the civil war in order to relate the treatment of slaves, and more precisely that of female slaves. We will analyse, in this essay, the differences as well as the similarities which exist between Jane Eyre and Incidents in the life of a slave girl written by herself. We see that they differ in terms of genre, the period of history in which they find themselves, the way the characters are presented and so forth. However, they share some of the main†¦show more content†¦The way she is treated is denounced. Jane is not from the working class, nor is she a servant. Being an orphan who has been given a roof from her aunt and late uncle, the little girl whom we meet in the beginning of the novel is furious at t he idea of being treated less than the others around her. In Bronte’s writing, the message is at times, quite clear, and at other time, relatively subtle. Jane questions the status of woman. Yet, she does so mainly through her writing. A woman, at that time, should not be free to have opinions and to manifest her feelings. However, through her writing, she is able to treat certain taboo subjects, at times quite openly and at other times in a subtler way. A woman is expected to follow the path which has been carved out for her. There is no room to be passionate and to have opinions. Bronte, however, allows Jane to do so. The description of the weather in several instances reflects the protagonist’s state of mind. The beginning of the novel is a perfect example to illustrate the way in which the narration sets the tone for what is to be expected by the reader: â€Å"There was no possibility of taking a walk that day. We had been wandering, indeed, in the leafless shrubbery an hour in the morning; but since dinner [†¦] the cold winter wind had brought with it clouds so sombre, and a rain so penetrating, that futher outdoor exercise was now out of the question† (7). After reading those opening lines, we discover that the fate of Jane

Francis Lewis Cardozo

Overview When Francis Lewis Cardozo was elected as South Carolina’s secretary of state in 1868, he became the first African-American to be elected to hold a political position in the state. His work as a clergyman, educator and politician allowed him to fight for the rights of African-Americans during the Reconstruction period.    Key Accomplishments Established Avery Normal Institute, one of the first free secondary schools for African-Americans.Early advocate for school integration in the South.First African-American to hold a statewide office in the United States. Famous Family Members Cardozo’s granddaughter is Eslanda Goode Robeson. Robeson was an actress, anthropologist, writer and civil rights activist. She was married to Paul Robeson.   A distant relative of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Benjamin Cardozo. Early Life and Education Cardozo was born on February 1, 1836, in Charleston. His mother, Lydia Weston was a free African-American woman. His father, Isaac Cardozo, was Portuguese man. After attending schools established for freed blacks, Cardozo worked as a carpenter and shipbuilder. In 1858, Cardozo began attending the University of Glasgow  before becoming a seminarian in Edinburgh and London. Cardozo was ordained a Presbyterian minister and upon his return to the United States, he began working as a pastor. By 1864, Cardozo was working as a pastor at the Temple Street Congregational Church in New Haven, Conn. The following year, Cardozo began working as an agent of the American Missionary Association. His brother, Thomas, had already served as superintendent for the organization’s school and soon Cardozo followed in his footsteps. As superintendent, Cardozo reestablished the school as the Avery Normal Institute. The Avery Normal Institute was a free secondary school for African-Americans. The school’s primary focus was to train educators. Today, Avery Normal Institute is part of the College of Charleston. Politics In 1868, Cardozo served as a delegate at the South Carolina constitutional convention. Serving as the chair of the education committee, Cardozo lobbied for integrated public schools. That same year, Cardozo was elected as secretary of state and became the first African-American to hold such a position. Through his influence, Cardozo was instrumental in reforming the South Carolina Land Commission by distributing land to former enslaved African-Americans. In 1872, Cardozo was elected as state treasurer. However, legislators decided to impeach Cardozo for his refusal to cooperate with corrupt politicians in 1874. Cardozo was reelected to this position twice. Resignation and Conspiracy Charges When federal troops were withdrawn from Southern states in 1877 and the Democrats regained control of state government, Cardozo was pushed to resign from office. That same year Cardozo was prosecuted for conspiracy. Although evidence found was not conclusive, Cardozo was still found guilty. He served almost a year in prison. Two years later, Governor William Dunlap Simpson pardoned Cardozo. Following the pardon, Cardozo relocated to Washington DC where he held a position with the Treasury Department. Educator In 1884, Cardozo became the principal of the Colored Preparatory High School in Washington DC. Under Cardozo’s tutelage, the school instituted a business curriculum and became one of the most outstanding schools for African-American students. Cardozo retired in 1896. Personal Life While serving as pastor of Temple Street Congregational Church, Cardozo married Catherine Rowena Howell. The couple had six children. Death Cardozo died in 1903 in Washington DC. Legacy Cardozo Senior High School in the northwest section of Washington DC is named in Cardozo’s honor.

Political Theories And Ideology Of Liberal Democracy Essay

Many challenges put a stress on Modern Democracy because of the political theories and ideology our government holds, the current politicians taking office, inequalities throughout social classes and economies, and the opinions of â€Å"We the People†. Nearly every country claims to be some form of a democracy, but not all these self-proclaimed democracies allow for free politics, good government, and rule of law (Crick, 2002). Liberal democracy has begun to win over its royalist, fascist, and collectivist rivals over the course of the last few centuries, and the freedom to vote has been steadily expanded to those who were without it. But the liberal democracies of the world do have problems. Democracy is only as good as its citizens, and the quality of those citizens demands certain constant factors (7 Concerns, 2012). Gerrymandering is the process in which political boundaries are redraw or changed in order to benefit one political party over another one; if one party has power of the state legislature, then they can change political boundaries to maximize their chances of winning congressional districts to win an election. By doing this, unfair and skewed results are produced because redrawn lines can be made to help one party win over the other, since constituents for the losing party will be divided between districts (Tormsen, 2015). This will also allow the winning party to win more electoral votes and seats (Tormsen, 2015). This practice is uniquely American and can beShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Liberal Values At The International Level1617 Words   |  7 Pages4. 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Poetics by Aristotle Essay Example For Students

Poetics by Aristotle Essay Poetics by Aristotle Aristotle Poetics Is the earliest-surviving work of dramatic theory and the first extant philosophical treatise to focus on literary theory 6 Constituent Parts * plot (myths) Refers to the structure of Incidents (actions). Key elements of the plot are reversals, recognitions, and suffering. The best plot should be complex (I. E. Involve a change of fortune). It should imitate actions arousing fear and pity. Thus it should proceed from good fortune to bad and involve a high degree of suffering for the protagonist, usually involving physical harm or death. Actions should be logical and follow durably from actions that precede them. They will be more satisfying to the audience If they come about by surprise or seeming coincidence and are only afterward seen as plausible, even necessary. When a character is unfortunate by reversal(s) of fortune (peripatetic), at first he suffers (pathos) and then he can realize (misdiagnosis) the cause of his misery or a way to be released from the misery. * character (ethos) It Is much better If a tragically accident happens to a hero because of a mistake he makes (hamster) instead of things which might happen anyway. That is because the audience is more likely to be moved by it. A hero may have made it knowingly (named) or unknowingly (Oedipus). A hero may leave a deed undone (due to timely discovery, knowledge present at the point of doing deed ). Main character should be ; good Aristotle explains that audiences do not like, for example, villains making fortune from misery in the end. It might happen though, and might make the play interesting. Nevertheless, the moral is at stake here and morals are important to make people happy (people can, for example, see tragedy because they want to release their anger) * appropriate-if a character Is supposed to be wise, it is unlikely he Is young (supposing wisdom Is gained with age) * consistent-if a person Is a soldier, he Is unlikely to be scared of blood (If this soldier Is scared of blood It must be explained and play some role in the story to avoid confusing the audiences; it is also good if a character doesnt change opinion that much if the play is not driven by who characters are, but by what they do (audience is confused in case of unexpected shifts in behavior of characters) * consistently Inconsistent-elf a character always behaves foolishly It Is strange If otherwise the audience may be confused. If character changes opinion a lot it should be clear he is a character who has this trait, not a real life person this is also to avoid confusion thought (diamond) spoken (usu ally) reasoning of human characters can explain the characters or story background * diction (lexis) Refers to the quality of speech in tragedy. Speeches should reflect character, the moral qualities of those on the stage. * melody (moles) The Chorus too should be regarded as one of the actors. It should be an integral part of the whole, and share in the action * spectacle (poops) Refers to the visual apparatus of the play, including set, costumes and props (anything you can see). Aristotle calls spectacle the least artistic element of tragedy, and the least connected with the work of the poet (playwright). For example: if the play has beautiful costumes and bad acting and bad story, there is something wrong with it. Even though that beauty may save the play it is not a nice thing. Difference Of Plot to Storyline Plot is a literary term defined as the events that make up a story, particularly as they relate to one another in a pattern, in a sequence, through cause and effect, how the deader views the story, or simply by coincidence while the Storyline is the narrative threads experienced by each character or set of characters in a work of fiction. Difference Of Character to Characterization Character is a person, an animal, or an imaginary creature that takes part in the action of a literary work. There may be major and minor characters in a work. Characters that change little, if at all, are called static characters. Characters who change significantly are called dynamic characters while Characterization is all the techniques a writer uses to create and develop characters. This makes the character(s) come to life

Teres Only One Thing In The World Mickey Vernon Really Wants, And Its

Tere's only one thing in the world Mickey vernon really wants, and it's hanging in his familys pool hall. It's the awesome shirt that the winner of ten- to thirteen-year-olds' nine-ball champianship will be wearing. But to win, Mickey has to beat Buck Pender, who is three years older and probably part gorilla. Not evan arlen pepper; loyal best freind and math whiz ,can help him. But when Joseph Alvarz, an old freind of Mickey's father and absolute pool ace, offers to choach him, Mickey figures he has a chance. If only he can convince his mother to overcome her mistrust of joseph.

The Characteristics of a Compelling Introduction

The Characteristics of a Compelling Introduction An introduction is the opening of an essay or speech, which typically identifies the topic, arouses interest, and prepares the audience for the development of the thesis. Also called an  opening, a lead,  or an introductory paragraph. For an introduction to be effective, says Brendan Hennessy, it should  persuade readers that what you have to say is worth close attention. Etymology From the Latin, to bring in. Examples and Observations In addition to appealing to readers and helping them to anticipate tone and substance, the opening passage can also help readers read by helping them to anticipate the structure of what will follow. In classical rhetoric, this was called the division or partition because it indicates how the piece of writing will be divided into parts. Methods of Introducing an EssayHere are a few possible ways to open an essay effectively:State your central idea, or thesis, perhaps showing why you care about it.Present startling facts about your subject.Tell an illustrative anecdote.Give background information that will help your reader understand your subject, or see why it is important.Begin with an arresting quotation.Ask a challenging question. (In your essay, youll go on to answer it.)Example of Introductory Paragraph in an Essay Bill Clinton loves to shop. On a March day in an elegant crafts store in Lima, the Peruvian capital, he hunted for presents for his wife and the women on his staff back home. He had given a speech at a university earlier and just came from a ceremony kicking off a program to help impoverished Peruvians. Now he was eyeing a necklace with a green stone amulet. Four Goals of IntroductionsAn effective introduction has four basic goals:Catch the audiences attention and focus it on your topic.Motivate the audience to listen by pointing out how your topic will benefit them.Establish credibility and rapport with your audience by creating a common bond and letting them know about your expertise and experience with the topic.Present your thesis statement, which includes clarification of your central idea and main points.Examples of an Introduction in a Speech The first thing I would like to say is ‘thank you.’ Not only has Harvard given me an extraordinary honour, but the weeks of fear and nausea I have endured at the thought of giving this commencement address have made me lose weight. A win-win situation! Now all I have to do is take deep breaths, squint at the red banners, and convince myself that I am at the world’s largest Gryffindor reunion. (J.K Rowling) Quintilian on the Appropriate Time to Compose an Introduction (or Exordium) ï » ¿I do not, on these accounts, agree with those who think that the exordium is to be written last; for though it is proper that our materials should be collected, and that we should settle what effect is to be produced by each particular, before we begin to speak or write, yet we ought certainly to begin with that which is naturally first. No man begins to paint a portrait, or mold a statue, with the feet; nor does any art find its completion where the commencement ought to be. Else what will be the case if we have no time to write our speech? Will not so preposterous a practice disappoint us? The orators materials are, therefore, to be first contemplated in the order in which we direct, and then to be written in the order in which he is to deliver them. Pronunciation in-tre-DUK-shun Sources Brendan Hennessy, How To Write Coursework and Exam Essays, How To Books 2010.Richard Coe,  Form and Substance: An Advanced Rhetoric. Wiley, 1981X.J. Kennedy et al.,  The Bedford Reader. Bedford/St. Martins, 2000Introduction to Its Not About Bill, by Peter Baker.  The New York Times Magazine, May 31, 2009Cheryl Hamilton,  Essentials of Public Speaking, 5th ed. Wadsworth, 2012J.K. Rowling, commencement address at Harvard University, June 2008Quintilian,  Institutes of Oratory, 95 AD

Advocacy organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Advocacy organization - Essay Example The new judges have given the award new look, improved the credibility, and exhilarated it from blames and perceived as bias. Innovation in reading price is one of their best programs where prize where outstanding individuals or organizations whose literature inspires readers and new audiences receive awards. The Pulitzer Prize website awards outstanding newspaper and online journalism, musical composition and literature in the United States. Established in 1917, Prizes gives annual awards to twenty-one categories where the overall winner in public service journalism receives a gold medal. This site advocates for the award journalists based on excellence therefore promoting originality and quality work amongst journalists. The PEN American site has given the every member of the society freedom of literature where people can convey information, ideas, and other forms of literature without fear. By extension, it has broadened freedom of speech and expression in an accessible platform for everybody. By targeting mainly the international writers, PEN America has expanded its boundary of ideas to defend writers restricted by culture, traditions or political situations of their countries. These websites serve a great role in recognition and appreciation of the literature, its value and importance to an individual and the society as a whole. PEN supports and gives confidence to the downtrodden writers with suppressed freedom of expression by political obligations while Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Foundation awards outstanding journalists and writers for their sterling

Geographies of war, occupation, resistance, and terrorism Essay - 1

Geographies of war, occupation, resistance, and terrorism - Essay Example It goes without saying that most the Arab World has thrown their weight behind Palestine while the US and its Western allies are behind Israel. In June 7, 1981, Israel had attacked and crippled a nuclear reactor before it became operational in a town near Baghdad. Although it claimed self defense, it came under intense criticism even from US their main allies. Much later, the same strategy was used by US to lead a foreign invasion on Iraq under the guise of different reasons (Kramer & Michalowski, 2005). This paper then will try to answer the question why the US invaded Iraq under Bush administration. Plausible Explanation for the Invasion There are many official justifications that were offered by the Bush administration for its invasion of Iraq. The three main ones were that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction, had strong ties with al-Qaeda which all turned to be false after the invasion. The third one was that the sectarian US government was trying to bring democracy in Baghdad. However, unofficially, there are other plausible explanations include control of oil fields and business and for strategic interests. Another explanation that has been overtly explored in the recent past is the assertion that the Israel government and its key supporters in US government caused the Iraq Invasion (Mearsheimer & Walt, 2006). Israel has been over the recent past been dominated by right wing governments and their policies have been supported by their US supporters and have led increased tensions in the Arab world and needless human suffering. However, the idea of invading Iraq is not one of their agendas because it had no value to Israel and if anything it only increased hostility towards Israel in the region (Robert, 2002). It is true that this invasion was supported by many Israel sympathizers and a majority of US Congress members of Jewish origin voted in favor of war resolution together with the American-Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC). Indeed, AIPAC had long been touted as an ardent lobbying and supporter of US invasion of Iraq. Although AIPAC had enormous influence on the matters pertaining to the Israel-Palestinian conflict when it came to congressional voting, it had no role in lobbying for the invasion of Iraq. This was largely due to the knowledge that there was an enormous bipartisan support within the US government to invade oil rich Iraq. There were more powerful interests by the US government than the interests of AIPAC in this country like the arms industry, oil deals among other special interests. As such, these interests from the US government and other lobbyist far outweighed the interests of the Zionist lobby groups (Stephen, 2013). Many people and political analysts have tried to point to Israel as the prime suspect for the invasion by quoting many American Zionists and Israeli officials. However, those who are quoted in support of the invasion had expressed their sentiments after the decision to invade Iraq had been arr ived at in 2002. The invasion intended back then was a two thronged attack which later would be extended to Iran later. What this means is that the Israel lobby groups and the Israeli government was willing to procure public support for an invasion campaign which the Bush led US government had independently determined to undertake. In addition, the Bush administration was an ardent supporter of Israel course of actions in its

Unless We Acknowledge The Past Essay Example for Free

Unless We Acknowledge The Past Essay In 1967, facing divided military councils and serious domestic opposition to the Vietnam War, the Defense Department commissioned a team of analysts to prepare a secret study of how the United States became involved in the war. The study was intended to give America’s leaders an authoritative, objective account of the war. Parts of the secret study were leaked to the New York Times in 1971, and the newspaper began publishing reports based on these materials. The government sued to enjoin publication, but the United States Supreme Court ruled that the publication could proceed. The New York Times then published a series of articles with supporting documents, which it later issued in book form as The Pentagon Papers. The remarkable feature of The Pentagon Papers is its objectivity. Those who prepared the original study had unlimited access to government documents. Their goal was objectivity. Their work was to be secret, so that they were free of concerns about playing to a public audience. That the government sought to bar publication lent an added imprimatur of candor to the report. In their articles, the New York Times reporters strove for a similarly objective style. Chapter 5 of The Pentagon Papers shows that at a critical juncture, America’s leaders lied to the nation. In 1964, presidential candidate Barry Goldwater promised to get tough with communism. Seeking re-election, President Lyndon Johnson campaigned as a moderate. 1 The Pentagon Papers show that Johnson was secretly widening the war in Vietnam throughout 1964. To do this, he ordered an increasing range of assaults against North Vietnam. When the North Vietnamese finally responded by attacking American destroyers off their coast, Johnson blasted these attacks as â€Å"unprovoked. † He asked Congress for a joint resolution approving increased American participation in the war. A supine Congress complied. With the publication of The Pentagon Papers, Congress would discover how completely it was misled. (Sheehan) Meanwhile, America plunged ahead, fighting in a country where it soldiers were racially unlike the indigenous people, did not speak the native language, and misunderstood the culture. The Los Angeles Times recently reported another coverup. Stories beginning August 6, 2006, reported that the American military knew of killings of civilians in Vietnam, and concealed this information for nearly 40 years. These included several massacre of civilians. Servicemen reported these during the war, only to have the military throw up smoke screens of denial. As in The Pentagon Papers, the Los Angeles Times articles are based on a recently disclosed secret archive detailing attacks on civilians. These documents show that the military frequently issued denials it knew were untruthful, wrongly impugned the credibility of those who reported atrocities, and otherwise strove to maintain secrecy. Again, the credibility of the documents is boosted by the government’s stubborn efforts to keep them secret. One story in the L. A. Times recounts how a young soldier watched as American soldiers carried out gruesome orders to â€Å"kill anything that moves. † (Turse) There was no evidence that any of the nineteen Vietnamese who were killed were combatants or that they resisted the Americans in any way. Confronted with the reports that these soldiers told, the Army suppressed the truth for nearly forty years. (Turse) The United States is now at war in Iraq. As in Vietnam, this is a war of occupation, fighting insurgents from within the indigenous population. American forces are racially distinct from the native peoples. They do not speak the language. They are unschooled in the culture. Already there are reports of killings of Iraqi civilians. Responding, a retired General who helped assemble the secret archive, John H. Johns, supports the disclosure of the incidents in Vietnam in light of alleged incidents in Iraq, saying . We cant change current practices unless we acknowledge the past.

Evolution of Man :: Science Anthropology

Evolution of Man Scientists continue to debate the history of man. It is generally agreed upon by the scientific community, however, that humans evolved from lesser beings, and this essay will function to provide evidence to support this claim. Several points will be outlined, including the general physical changes that occurred between several key species on the phylogeny of man, and a discussion of dating methods used to pinpoint the age of the fossils. This essay will begin with a brief discussion of dating techniques. In the study of hominid evolution, two main methods of dating are used: carbon-14 and potassium-argon dating. Carbon-14 dating involves the decay of radioactive C-14, which has a half life of 5770 years. This makes this method useful for dating of recent fossils, with good accuracy, up to 50,000 years back. After 5770 years, half of the carbon-14 in a fossil decays to nitrogen-14. Since the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14 in a living organism remains the same as in the environment around them because the organism constantly eats and replenishes it, if it were to die, the ratio would change greatly after many years. It is the difference between this ratio now and the time is died that allows a date for it to be established. Potassium-argon dating, another dating method, is possible due to volcanic ash and rocks found near many fossil sites. Rocks and ash created in this manner contain potassium-40, but no argon. As time passes, the potassium-40 decays into argon-40. In the laboratory, the sample is reheated, and since argon-40 is a gas, it is released. The ratio of argon-40 released to potassium-40 still present allows for a date to be assigned to objects near the sample. However, due to potassium's high half-life (1.3 billion years), it is only useful as a dating technique for finds older than 500,000 years old. Also, it is only useful where volcanic activity existed. Both these methods have error margins, ranging from a few thousand years in carbon-14 dating to tens of thousands of years, or more, for potassium-argon dating. However, thanks to scientific breakthroughs, these two processes can be used with reasonable security in establishing a time for fossils. Humans have existed on the Earth for approximately 3.4 million years. At least, that’s from when the oldest human ancestors have been found. The oldest known human is the fossil "Lucy," an Australopithecus, discovered by Donald Johnson and M.

Agriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis

This paper examined the historical and political rule of agricultural policy formulation in Brazil from 1964 to 1992. The article also centered on how trade, credit, and support-price policy evolved in response to economic crisis and democratization in the 1980s.The economic crisis caused the agricultural policy of Brazil to be redesigned with the change in political regime and with the institutions of interest-group representation that significantly influenced the direction of policy reform programs and assessments.The return to a democratic regime of this nation permitted the local legislatures and the judiciary to take part in more significant agricultural policy rules. Simultaneously, the republic led to the questioning of other institutions and there was an emergence of more participatory organizations in the agricultural sector.These changes have caused policy making to become increasingly subject to explicit rules, which should lead to more predictable policies and a long-term reduction in discrimination against Brazilian agriculture (Helfand 1999).Brazil promoted agriculture and greatly achieved a rapid expansion in this sector, but its record on poverty was disappointing (Helfand 2001). One reason was that biases within the agricultural sector, notably in taxation and subsidized credit, favor large farmers and work to the disadvantage of labor.These biases interact with the highly inequitable initial land distribution to reduce the gains to the poor from growth. Brazil vividly demonstrates that promoting agriculture is not enough. Policies within the sector also matter.Brazil's income tax greatly favors agriculture in relation to other sectors, but only the rich can reap the benefits. Through special provisions in the income tax code, corporations can exclude up to 80 percent of agricultural profits from their taxable income, and individuals can include 90 percent. Fixed investments can be fully depreciated in the first year and can even be depreciated two to six times over.This, together with high inflation, encourages corporations and the rich to over invest in land. The result has been the accumulation of largeAgriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic CrisisPage 2landholdings and increases in land prices that exceed growth in land productivity. The poor do not benefit from the tax breaks, since they pay no income tax, and they cannot afford to buy land. Many move to frontier areas in search of unclaimed land.A progressive land tax could offset the bias in the income tax. Brazil tried this but failed because of widespread evasion and many exceptions. One such exception, intended to encourage land use, reduces the tax by up to 90 percent if owners use the land to graze cattle. This promotes the conversion of forestland to uneconomic livestock ranching, reduces the demand for labor, and has harmful environment consequences (Grahan 1987).Agricultural credit has been exceptionally distorted in Brazil. Until recently, real interest rates on official credit were negative, and real interest rates on loans for agriculture were lower than in the nonagricultural sector (Grahan 1987).The difference in credit terms between sectors has been capitalized in the price of land. Although subsidies raise profits in agriculture, they have mainly benefited large farmers and have encouraged excessive mechanization, again reducing the demand for unskilled labor. Poor people who lack land titles have not benefited from credit subsidies.Agricultural policies in Brazil have reduced labor demand and have made it almost impossible for a poor person to buy land and become a farmer. Opportunities for unskilled workers to acquire skills by becoming long-term workers have been substantially reduced by subsidized mechanization (Helfand 1999).The years from 1947 to 1963 were generally called the import substitution period. The primary agricultural goal in the first period was to produce an adequate supply of reasonably priced fo od for urban wage earners. A secondary goal was to generate foreign exchange to finance the importation of industrial raw materials and capital goods. Agriculture was not considered a vital growth sector, but rather a reservoir for surplus labor not absorbed by rapidAgriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic CrisisPage 3industrialization. From 1961 to 1963, food shortages, high food prices, and near hyper-inflation forced the government to give more attention to the agricultural sector. The inability to cope with these problems and concern over leftist politics resulted in the military-led revolution of 1964.The second period (1964 to present) is a phase of economic growth characterized by export expansion and diversification. The military governments after 164 advocated a completely different role for the agricultural sector.The relative backwardness of the sector was acknowledged, but the causes and cures were perceived quite differently. Farmers were believed to be respo nsive to prices and the distortions and disincentives created in the earlier period were gradually removed. New government investments and incentives emphasized modernization of agriculture (Truran 1977).Large quantities of subsidized credit were tied to the purchase of â€Å"modern† inputs such as improved seed, fertilizers, chemicals, and machinery (Grahan 1987). These inputs were made more easily available by exchange rate controls, overvalued exchange rates, tax exemptions, and direct government distribution.Low interest loans for operating costs and investment expenditure encouraged farmers to produce certain crops and livestock. Investments to improve marketing and transportation facilities were made, in part, to benefit the agricultural sector.Agricultural research and extension received more attention as the development and adaptation of technology became important in the face of stagnant yields (Truran 1977).Agricultural development in Brazil throughout its history h as also been associated with the extension of its land frontier. After 1950, this process has been supplemented by some infrastructure development, undertaken by large farmers and private companies, whoAgriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic CrisisPage 4were heavily subsidized through negative interest rates, especially in the 1970s (Grahan 1987).

Radical Solutions The Libertarian Answer For Isis

Radical Solutions: The Libertarian Answer for ISIS Libertarians are often confused with Anarchists because both have anti-government and pro-individual views. These opinions are reinforced when the party s primary election issues seem to revolve around what the government shouldn t be doing, as opposed to what it can do to make the country, and even the world, a better place. For example, ask any Libertarian and they will tell you that a strong federal government is crucial to the protection of life and liberty. Where Libertarians veer away from the other major political parties is that we believe the military should only be used when the nation is in immediate peril and not for â€Å"police actions† or â€Å"nation-building.† Chief among the threats to the United States today is ISIS. To be able to know how to properly address this problem, one need only look at the beginning of the conflict to understand how to end it. The reason ISIS went from a ragtag militia to an armed force capable of fighting both the Iraqis and Syrians, was with the equipment and training provided by the US government and our allies. This was done with the explicit purpose to enact regime change and create a free, secular state. Granted, at the time they thought they were arming democratic loving rebels. But doesn t that just prove that we don t have the competence to be getting ourselves involved in conflicts where we can t tell who the good guys are? Due to Obama s decision (with Republican